See rowen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "enm:Nautical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "row"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "row"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rōwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōwan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rōwan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rouwen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reowen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "row",
"2": "rew",
"c": "7",
"w": "ed",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rother"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 12 14 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To row; paddle (use oars to power a seaborne vehicle)"
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-enm:to_row",
"links": [
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"paddle",
"paddle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to row"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 12 14 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move by rowing or paddling (to move by using oars to power a seaborne vehicle)"
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-JtWhUs-D",
"links": [
[
"rowing",
"rowing"
],
[
"paddling",
"paddling"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 12 14 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move in the water; to paddle or splash."
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-nrYMrOeQ"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 12 14 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go, travel, journey or voyage"
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-qbJFPj0R"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
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"3": "-en",
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"t1": "row"
},
"expansion": "rewe (“row”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rewe (“row”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yrowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rewen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "row"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 12 14 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shine; to emit light."
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-enm:to_shine",
"senseid": [
"enm:to shine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɛu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "enm:Nautical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to regret",
"word": "rewen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 12 14 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of rewen (“to regret”)"
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-WmOpVGHO",
"links": [
[
"rewen",
"rewen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
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]
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Nautical"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "row"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "row"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rōwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōwan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rōwan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rouwen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reowen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
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"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
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],
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{
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"1": "row",
"2": "rew",
"c": "7",
"w": "ed",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "rother"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To row; paddle (use oars to power a seaborne vehicle)"
],
"links": [
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"paddle",
"paddle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to row"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move by rowing or paddling (to move by using oars to power a seaborne vehicle)"
],
"links": [
[
"rowing",
"rowing"
],
[
"paddling",
"paddling"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move in the water; to paddle or splash."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To go, travel, journey or voyage"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Nautical"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rewe",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "row",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "row"
},
"expansion": "rewe (“row”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rewe (“row”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yrowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rewen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "row"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To shine; to emit light."
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to shine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɛu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Nautical"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to regret",
"word": "rewen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of rewen (“to regret”)"
],
"links": [
[
"rewen",
"rewen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rowen meaning in Middle English (9.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.