See rowen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "row"
},
"expansion": "English: row",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: row"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "row"
},
"expansion": "Scots: row",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: row"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rōwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rōaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rōaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rōwan, from Proto-Germanic *rōaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7 or weak in -ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "row",
"2": "rew",
"c": "7",
"w": "ed",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rother"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 25 9 12 7 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To row; paddle (use oars to power a seaborne vehicle)"
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-enm:to_row",
"links": [
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"paddle",
"paddle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to row"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 25 9 12 7 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move by rowing or paddling (to move by using oars to power a seaborne vehicle)"
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-JtWhUs-D",
"links": [
[
"rowing",
"rowing"
],
[
"paddling",
"paddling"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move in the water; to paddle or splash."
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-nrYMrOeQ"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 25 9 12 7 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 19 20 33 8 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "enm:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go, travel, journey or voyage"
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-qbJFPj0R"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯ən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rowe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rouwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rowyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "reowen"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rewe",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "row",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "row"
},
"expansion": "rewe (“row”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rewe (“row”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yrowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "row"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shine; to emit light."
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-enm:to_shine",
"senseid": [
"enm:to shine"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rewen"
},
{
"word": "rewe"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɛu̯ən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rowe"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to regret",
"word": "rewen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 25 9 12 7 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of rewen (“to regret”)"
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-GM8Ngcd0",
"links": [
[
"rewen",
"rewen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Nautical"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "row"
},
"expansion": "English: row",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: row"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "row"
},
"expansion": "Scots: row",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: row"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rōwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rōaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rōaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rōwan, from Proto-Germanic *rōaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7 or weak in -ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "row",
"2": "rew",
"c": "7",
"w": "ed",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "rother"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To row; paddle (use oars to power a seaborne vehicle)"
],
"links": [
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"paddle",
"paddle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to row"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move by rowing or paddling (to move by using oars to power a seaborne vehicle)"
],
"links": [
[
"rowing",
"rowing"
],
[
"paddling",
"paddling"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move in the water; to paddle or splash."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To go, travel, journey or voyage"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯ən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rowe"
},
{
"word": "rouwen"
},
{
"word": "rowyn"
},
{
"word": "reowen"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Nautical"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rewe",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "row",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "row"
},
"expansion": "rewe (“row”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rewe (“row”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yrowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "row"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To shine; to emit light."
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to shine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɛu̯ən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rowe"
},
{
"word": "rewen"
},
{
"word": "rewe"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Nautical"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to regret",
"word": "rewen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of rewen (“to regret”)"
],
"links": [
[
"rewen",
"rewen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rowen meaning in Middle English (9.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.